Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Performing the obligatory acts. [Ibn ʿAbbās, Muqātil]
2. Abstaining from sins. [Qatādah]
3. Losing their position of leadership. This is directed towards the People of the Two Books (Jews and Christians).

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows: 

1. Al-Walīd ibn Muṣʿab. [Majority]
2. Fayṭūs. [Muqātil]
3. Muṣʿab ibn Rayyān. [Al-Ṭabarī]
4. Mughīth. [Some exegetes]

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(Ed: While these names are mentioned in some reports, later scholars have attempted to identify the Pharaoh of Moses with certain pharaohs such as Ramesses II whose names are known from the established Egyptian historical record.)

What is the name of the Pharoah mentioned in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows: 

1. It refers to the prayer (*ṣalāh*). [Ibn ʿAbbās, al-Ḥasan, Mujāhid, the majority]
2. It refers to the Kaʿbah and the Qiblah, as the mention of prayer indicates the Qibla. [Al-Ḍaḥḥāk from Ibn ʿAbbās, Muqātil]
3. It refers to seeking help. [Ibn al-Anbārī]

What does the pronoun "it" in "and truly **it** is (*wa innahā*) heavy" refer to?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows: 

1. A blessing. [Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, Abū Mālik, Ibn Qutaybah] (Ed: i.e. the blessing of being saved from the torture.)
2. An affliction. [Al-Suddī]

What is meant by *"balāʾ"* in this āyah?