Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Action/work. [Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid]
2. Moving quickly by foot. [Abū Sulaymān al-Dimashqī]

What is the intended meaning of "he strives"?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "*Zād al-Masīr*" as follows:

1. It refers to disbelief.
2. It refers to injustice.

What is "corruption" referring to in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It refers to destroying them through killing, burning, and wreaking havoc. [Majority]
2. When injustice occurs, it becomes a cause for the withholding of rain, which leads to the destruction of crops and animals. [Mujāhid] This aligns with the interpretation that *tawallā* means "taking authority".
3. It refers to the destruction that results from misguidance, the ultimate outcome of which is ruin (*halāk*).

What is intended by "his destruction of tillage and stock"?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. "Becomes angry" [Reported from Ibn ʿAbbās and Ibn Jurayj]
2. "Turns away from the statement he made" [al-Ḥasan]
3. "Gains authority," derived from the word *wilāyah* [Mujāhid, al-Ḍaḥḥāk]
4. "Turns away physically" [Muqātil, Ibn Qutaybah]

What is meant here by "and when he *tawallā*"?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. "Tillage" refers to crops, and "stock" refers to all types of animal offspring. [Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿIkrimah, and others]
2. Al-Zajjāj reported that some people said "tillage" refers to women, and "stock" refers to children. He noted that this interpretation is reasonable because a woman is sometimes referred to as "tillage" (harth). (See 2:223)

What do tillage (*harth*) and stock (*nasl*) mean?