Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. The sin (i.e. its consequences). [ʿAṭiyyah from Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. The punishment. [al-Ḍaḥḥāk from Ibn ʿAbbās.]
3. The village, and it is intended as reference to its inhabitants. [Qatādah, Ibn Qutaybah]
4. The nation that was transformed. [al-Kisāʾī, al-Zajjāj]

What is referred to by the pronoun in "So We made it a deterrent..."?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. The villages in front of it and those behind it. [ʿIkrimah from Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. The sins committed before it and the sins committed afterward. [ʿAṭiyyah from Ibn ʿAbbās]
3. "What was before it" refers to the years in which they were committing sins before it, "and what was after it" refers to the years after it among the Children of Israel, meaning: so they would not repeat such deeds. [ʿAṭiyyah]

What is the meaning of "for what was before it and what was behind it" in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. Punishment. [Muqātil]
2. A lesson. [Ibn Qutaybah, al-Zajjāj]

What is the meaning of *"nakāl"* in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It is general to all who have fear of Allah until the Day of Judgment. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. It refers to the nation of Muḥammad (ﷺ). [Al-Suddī, ʿAṭiyyah, Sufyān]

Who are the God-fearing (*muttaqīn*) mentioned in this āyah?