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24:40
او كظلمات في بحر لجي يغشاه موج من فوقه موج من فوقه سحاب ظلمات بعضها فوق بعض اذا اخرج يده لم يكد يراها ومن لم يجعل الله له نورا فما له من نور ٤٠
أَوْ كَظُلُمَـٰتٍۢ فِى بَحْرٍۢ لُّجِّىٍّۢ يَغْشَىٰهُ مَوْجٌۭ مِّن فَوْقِهِۦ مَوْجٌۭ مِّن فَوْقِهِۦ سَحَابٌۭ ۚ ظُلُمَـٰتٌۢ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ إِذَآ أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُۥ لَمْ يَكَدْ يَرَىٰهَا ۗ وَمَن لَّمْ يَجْعَلِ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥ نُورًۭا فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن نُّورٍ ٤٠
أَوۡ
كَظُلُمَٰتٖ
فِي
بَحۡرٖ
لُّجِّيّٖ
يَغۡشَىٰهُ
مَوۡجٞ
مِّن
فَوۡقِهِۦ
مَوۡجٞ
مِّن
فَوۡقِهِۦ
سَحَابٞۚ
ظُلُمَٰتُۢ
بَعۡضُهَا
فَوۡقَ
بَعۡضٍ
إِذَآ
أَخۡرَجَ
يَدَهُۥ
لَمۡ
يَكَدۡ
يَرَىٰهَاۗ
وَمَن
لَّمۡ
يَجۡعَلِ
ٱللَّهُ
لَهُۥ
نُورٗا
فَمَا
لَهُۥ
مِن
نُّورٍ
٤٠
Or ˹their deeds are˺ like the darkness in a deep sea, covered by waves upon waves,1 topped by ˹dark˺ clouds. Darkness upon darkness! If one stretches out their hand, they can hardly see it. And whoever Allah does not bless with light will have no light!
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Juncture
سحاب ظلمات
Readers
Abū Jaʿfar
Madinah
Ibn ʿĀmir
Damascus
Nāfiʿ
Madinah
Ḥamzah
Kufah
Ibn Kathīr
Makkah
Khalaf
Kufah
Abū ʿAmr
Basrah
al-Kisāʾī
Kufah
Yaʿqūb
Basrah
ʿĀṣim
Kufah
Readings
سَحَابٌ ظُلُمَاتٌ
saḥābun, ẓulumātun
“with clouds above: (these are) layers of darkness”
In this reading, the phrase beginning with ẓulumāt is a clarifying description of the previous point.
سَحَابٌ ظُلُمَاتٍ
saḥābun, ẓulumātin
“with clouds above; (like) layers of darkness”
In this reading, the word ẓulumāt is appositive to the same word at the beginning of the ayah, i.e. the parable is restated.
سَحَابُ ظُلُمَاتٍ
saḥābu ẓulumātin
“with clouds above, of layered darkness”
This reading has annexation, hence the clouds above contain the layers of darkness.

Explanation

These readings provide slightly different descriptions of the parable [al-Mahdawi].

He has revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Book in truth, confirming what came before it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
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